Q. Attacked by Pit Bull, has 5 deep puncture wounds with large area of necrosis lower back near his tail. Is surgery the only alternative?

ANSWER : A. Our feline friends express themselves in many different ways, including through the use of their tails. Most pet owners pay close attention to a happy or excited dog, but they are sometimes less attentive to the posture and movement of their cat. Here are some of the most common cat tail behaviors, and the underlying emotion behind each action:

A flicking tail: Many anxious, nervous or stressed cats will hold their tail in a low position and flick it quickly back and forth. This is often referred to as angry tail, and a pet owner or veterinarian should be on guard for any possible aggressive or defensive activity. If a cat is moving their tail slowly, and not exhibiting the flicking motion, then this cat is at a much calmer state.

Vertical position: Most of the time when a cat is holding their tail in a straight, vertical position this is indicating curiosity and a playful mood. A cat chasing after a laser pointer or playing toys will often have their tails in a vertical position showing their enjoyment. This position also helps with balanced movements. In contrast, if the tail is in the vertical position and the cat’s back is arched with pinned back ears then this could demonstrate a feeling of being threatened and thus result in defensive or aggressive behaviors.

The Tucked Tail: Similar to a dog, a tucked tail often indicates submission or fear. Your cat is conveying upset feelings and should most likely be left alone. This tucked tail appearance can also make a cat look smaller and less threatening to an aggressive cat.

The Tail Twine: Cats will often hook their tail around another cat’s tail, owner’s legs or other objects to show a friendly and affectionate nature. They are also trying to indicate whether they want to receive affection from their owners, be fed or have playtime.

The next time you are home with your feline companion take note on how they express themselves through their tail movements, their ears, body posture and vocalization. You can start to better understand their needs and wants, in addition to what makes them uncomfortable or happy. Cats will surprise you with their array of emotions and varied expressions they can express.

ANSWER : A. Professional exploration and cleaning of the wound should be performed. Surgical treatment can not be necessary but it should be evaluated by a specialist

ANSWER : A. There are lots of problems with the back that can go wrong , however one common one is Intervertebral Disk Disease (IVD). This involves a gradual degeneration of the pads between vertebrae that are used to help pad impact and protect the nerves inside the spinal cord. This can cause pain, trouble walking, paralysis and more. Many other back problems can include Wobbler’s Syndrome- a problem where the neck and back meet, or even just plain injury to the back itself. Boxers that have docked tails may also have nerve issues in the cauda equina- a group of nerves that meet at the base of the back and tail and are important in proper function of the lower organs, tail and legs.

ANSWER : A. Scaly patches of skin near the tail may be an indication of possible external parasites (such as fleas) cats may scratch or chew at this area in an attempt to relieve itching which could lead to scaly or irritated skin. Treating for external parasites can help. Skin infections may also cause a similar appearance especially if your cat has chewed or scratched at the area excessively. Preventing licking and chewing of the area if excessive with the use of a T-shirt or Elizabethan collar can help, as well as a vet checkup as needed.

Dry skin from too often of bathing or even changes in temperature (such as exposure to dry, cold air) may also happen. A soothing pet wipe or shampoo that includes aloe or oatmeal may help to soothe irritated skin and decrease flaking and dryness.

ANSWER : A. If you have a large breed dog, a TPLO usually works better. Also you have to figure out the reason for the failure. Was it too much activity too soon? Was the surgery not done properly? Was the rehab not followed? You have to allow at least 8 weeks of just post-op healing with rehab and then slowly get back to normal activity. A good 12-14 weeks before any type of normal activity is recommended and some dogs take longer than others. It’s hard or many dogs and even people to restrict their pets activity level post-op because they feel bad, but it really is necessary for proper and complete healing. It’s hard to say why your surgery option failed or if you should have a second one done without knowing your case in more depth. I would recommend a board certified surgeon perform the surgery if it is done again and you didn’t use one the first time.

ANSWER : A. If you live in a brushy or wooded area it is possible that your dog may have come into contact with an irritant such as poison oak or poison ivy. These can spread to people, so care should be taken when handling the area by using gloves and washing hands. You should also prevent your dog from licking or scratching at the area to prevent the spread of irritation. Topical ointments for pets can be used to treat oak/ivy infections.

Other causes such as allergies, cuts and scrapes, or even external parasites can cause redness as well. Ticks and fleas are common in wooded and brushy areas, so making sure your pet is on a preventative for these is important.

If the rash appears to have any cuts, scrapes, open sores, hair loss or spreads, then making an appointment with your vet is best. Your vet can take a sample of the area to look for any more serious infections causing the redness.

ANSWER : A. Even if the wound is not actively bleeding, if it is very large (more than an inch or two) or you can visibly see tissue or bone underneath it, it is best to seek veterinary care. Your vet will likely recommend suturing up the wound to prevent infection and other debris from getting inside and taking hold. In larger wounds, antibiotics may also be given preemptively, or a temporary drain placed to keep bacteria from sitting under the skin.

If the wound is small and minor, keeping it clean and dry is the best for preventing infection. A clean warm wet washcloth can be used to clean out any dirt or debris, and then lightly dried with a dry washcloth. Do not attempt to place any over the counter medications unless instructed by your vet as many can be toxic. Keeping your dog from licking or chewing at the wound will also help prevent an infection. Signs of infection to look out for include discoloration, pain, swelling, redness or discharge that is green or yellowish in color. If you see these signs, making an appointment with your vet is best.

ANSWER : A. Wound management depends very much on the depth nad size of the wound, location and nearby structures and other complicating factors such as age of dog and infections etc. Your vet should have provided advice on this, a quick call to the office should confirm the best options. Sterile saline and dilute surgical disinfectant such as chlorhexidine can be used to clean surface wounds and shallow grazes may benefit from topical ointments but deep wounds or those near joints should be fully assessed and stitched up as required