ve Cushing

Experienced and professional animal trainer provide their insights in answering this question :
A. Your vet can do a blood test to check for Cushings and then can treat appropriately. Enlarged liver is a symptom of cushings so if it is this treatment will help. The gall stone will require a different treatment or surgery to remove. Your vet will have to do a health check considering the dogs age as to wether it is a suitable candidate for anaesthetic and surgery.

How to Identify Common Pet Problems ?

Our sources include academic articles, blog posts, and personal essays from experienced pet care professionals :

With asymptomatic gallstones, the role of cholecystectomy and other treatments is unclear. However, some patients with high risk of gallbladder cancer such as porcelain gallbladder, stones associated with gallbladder polyps larger than 10mm, stones larger than 25mm, etc., need to apply gallstone surgery.
Gallstones are also called choleliths or cholelithiasis. For some pets they can be no trouble at all for the rest of their lives. For others, gallstones can be potentially fatal if the gallbladder bursts open. Gallstones are often made up of parts of the bile, such as cholesterol, bilirubin, and calcium.
If gallstones lodge in a bile duct and cause a blockage, it eventually results in severe life-threatening complications such as bile duct inflammation and infection, pancreatitis or cholecystitis (an inflammation of gallbladder). In addition, if left untreated, it might increase risk of “gallbladder cancer”.
Medical options. If you can`t or don`t want to undergo surgery and your gallstones are small, one option is to take ursodiol (Actigall, Urso), a naturally occurring bile acid that helps dissolve cholesterol stones when taken by mouth two to four times a day.
While surgery is a common treatment for gallstones, there are several other options available. These include: Bile thinning medications: Chemicals such as ursodiol and chenodiol can help dissolve gallstones. Shock wave therapy: This treatment can break small gallstones (less than 2 cm in size).
Treatment for gallstones

Gallstones that cause no symptoms, generally don`t need any medical treatment. In certain cases (such as abdominal surgery for other conditions), doctors may remove your gallbladder if you are at high risk of complications of gallstones.

The answer may not be what you`d expect. Age is not a disease, and your dog is never “too old” to receive the quality care he or she needs, even if it requires anesthesia and surgery.
Commonly prescribed for: Liver diseases such as primary sclerosing cholangitis, chronic hepatitis, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. It also is prescribed to dissolve gallstones.
Ursodiol is also used by veterinarians to treat pets diagnosed with gallstones. The drug not only effectively reduces the uptake of cholesterol, but it also lowers the synthesis and production of cholesterol. Because gallstones contain mostly cholesterol, ursodiol has been shown effective at dissolving them.
That`s because there`s no evidence that people who have gallstones that don`t cause symptoms actually benefit from gallbladder removal. Since up to 70% of people don`t have any symptoms from their gallstones, that means most people can skip surgery.
Gallstones can range in size and number. Most commonly, multiple small gallstones measuring about 0.5 cm will be present within the gallbladder. However occasionally there can be either one very large gallstone present measuring up to 5 cm diameter or hundreds of smaller stones the size of a grain of sand.
Gallstone Disease Treatment: Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a nonsurgical alternative to manage gallstones. You can receive this treatment as long as your gallbladder is functioning normally and your stones are small.
An anti-inflammatory diet and supplements that can improve bile flow and break up gallstones like bitters, dandelion, lemon oil, and phosphatidylcholine can help reduce inflammation and prevent gallstone formation.
Studies have found that exercise can help reduce the risk of gallbladder problems. However, no scientific evidence shows that exercise can help remove gallstones, but it may help you manage the pain.
Furthermore, this probiotic treatment exhibited a marked gallstone dissolution effect. Hosomi et al also reported infestation of Clostridium butyricum Miyairi No. 588 in the intestine enhanced the excretion of bile acids and inhibited gallstones formation in mice.
Drink Lots of Water

Water helps the organ empty and keeps bile from building up. This protects against gallstones and other problems.Sipping more also can help you slim down. Research shows people who drink more water eat fewer calories and less sugar.

Conclusion: The current trend of gallstones in adolescent children seems to be a disease primarily of adolescent girls. Symptomatic idiopathic gallstones in adolescents are associated with high rates of common bile duct obstruction and pancreatitis and consequently warrant an early cholecystectomy for all adolescents.
Endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) is a procedure that can be used to remove gallstones from the bile duct. The gallbladder isn`t removed during this procedure, so any stones in the gallbladder will remain unless they`re removed using other surgical techniques.
The answer: “as a general rule, it`s very safe to anesthetize old dogs,” Dr. Berg counsels. “It`s probably true that it`s slightly less safe to anesthetize an old dog than a healthy young dog,” he says. “But many of the dogs who are sick and need surgery are old dogs.
Although anesthesia is never without risk, older pets who are in good physical condition can undergo anesthesia with no complications. Sometimes, however, an older pet with a pre-existing health condition requires surgery, and specialized care.
Pet surgery may be the right choice for your older dog. After the surgery, your pet may go on to enjoy several more healthy years by your side. If you ask many pet owners, they will tell you that senior pets are the best. Wisdom often comes with age, and that is certainly true for many dogs.
Treatment with amoxicillin/clavulanate (anaerobes and gram-positive aerobes) and a fluorquinolone (gram negative aerobes) is a rational choice14. Antibiotic therapy should be continued for 4 weeks beyond resolution of clinical signs. Cholerectics and antioxidants can be administered as per “Gallbladder mucocele”.
Gallstones. Gallstones rarely cause disease. When it does occur, disease is usually seen in middle-aged to older dogs, and may be more common in small-breed dogs. Signs include vomiting, jaundice, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, fever, and discomfort after eating, but many dogs show no signs.

Relevant Questions and Answers :

the most relevant questions and answers related to your specific issue

Q. How do you treat a large gall stone in gall bladder of 13 yr old lab/golden. Liver is enlarged and has loose stools. Pants frequently may have Cushing
ANSWER : A. Your vet can do a blood test to check for Cushings and then can treat appropriately. Enlarged liver is a symptom of cushings so if it is this treatment will help. The gall stone will require a different treatment or surgery to remove. Your vet will have to do a health check considering the dogs age as to wether it is a suitable candidate for anaesthetic and surgery.

Read Full Q/A … : Gallstone – Wikipedia

Q. Healthy German Shepherd has extremely loose stools once a day. I added 2 spoonfuls of pumpkin puree that hasn’t helped. No diet changes. Any advice?
ANSWER : A. Loose stools can be caused by a number of factors, and the first step is always to bring a stool sample to your local veterinarian to check for anything. Fecal exams can check for common bacteria and parasites in the stool that may cause chronic diarrhea.

Diet problems can also play a factor in loose stool as well as chronic illness. Dogs can be allergic to many different ingredients in the diet, however grains such as corn, wheat and soy products can be the most problematic. Adding a probiotic supplement can sometimes help such as a scoop of plain yogurt ever meal, or commercial product from your vet.

Illnesses and metabolic disorders may also cause chronic loose stools. German Shepherds are prone to a disease called Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency which is a problem with the pancreas (the same organ that dysfunctions in diabetes- however that is ENDOCRINE function in that case) producing enough digestive enzymes. This causes stools that may be loose, discolored grey or yellow and appear very fatty in color. Shepherds can also be prone to chronic small intestine infections that cause loose stool as well. Luckily, treatment for these conditions often just involves adding a daily digestive enzyme supplement to the food, or daily anti-biotic designed specifically for chronic bowel issues.

Read Full Q/A … : Veterinarians

Q. Male neutered cat [1 1/2 years old] has just started trying to spray everywhere around the house. Nothing is coming out. No recent changes.
ANSWER : A. Changes in urinary habits can be caused by a number of things, especially in neutered male cats. Attempting to urinate or have accidents in places other than the litter box can often be a sign of a urinary tract infection, or crystals and debris in the bladder causing problems. Pets may need to go more frequently, may dribble or urinate in small amounts more often, may have accidents or may have blood-tinged or cloudy urine.Infections are usually treated with medications and changes to the diet, however in some cases of large stones or crystals surgery may be needed.

Male cats can also experience urinary blockage. This is due to a unique anatomical part or the urethra that forms a U-shape before exiting the body in male cats. If a cat has crystals or other debris in the urine, it can block at this point preventing urine from being able to exit. Cats may attempt to urinate without producing anything, may become very vocal (indicating pain) or may have a hunched back, full abdomen or pain in the abdomen (protecting the very full bladder). Urinary blockage IS a medical emergency so if suspected, your vet or local emergency clinic should be contacted immediately. Treatment usually involves a hospital stay and catheterization of the bladder to remove the blockage and allow urine to drain followed by medications and a change in diet to prevent further problems.

It is best to try and collect a sample of urine and make an appointment for your cat if he has had a change in urinary habits. If you do suspect a blockage, then contact your vet ASAP is best.

Q. What’s the best way to train a dog to use a lead again?
ANSWER : A. It depends on how serious your issue is. If you need to start from scratch: Bring out the leash, place it on the ground. Click and treat your dog. Say his name, work on attention, click and treat for attention. Work with the cheese sticks, or with some chicken.. something stinky, soft, and high value. Allow him to sniff the leash, praise him, click, treat, click, treat. Pick up the leash, click treat him. Hook the leash to his collar and allow the leash to drag, click treat him. Have him just follow you around, click and treat him to hold his attention.

Then, pick up the leash, click and treat him. Then drop the leash again, click and treat. Take baby steps. Then, hold the leash while you take a step, click and treat him for following. Open the front door, click and treat him. Then, take off the leash, click and treat him, and end training.

Pick training back up in an hour, and do the same exact thing from start to finish, only this time, “finish” will be you two going outside, you clicking and treating him a bunch, and then you bringing him back inside. Work your way up slowly. You can’t expect to just bring him outside and bring him on a walk right away.

When outdoors, use a front hooking harness like the Sensible/Sensation harnesses: http://www.softouchconcepts.com/index.php/product-53/sense-ible-harness / http://www.softouchconcepts.com/index.php/product-53/sense-ation-harness. These harnesses will eliminate the pulling power of your pup in a positive way. This will put you in control without the use of force. Carry high value treats with you everywhere, and offer them for good walking behavior – treats like white meat chicken, cooked fish, turkey pepperoni, turkey bacon, diced ham, mozzarella cheese sticks, hotdogs, all cut into tiny little pieces. The more you work on walking on-leash/attention indoors, the better it will be outdoors, remember that.

Q. My dog has been tested for Cushing’s. Her test came back affirming possible Cushing’s but she doesn’t have symptoms, only panting. What if untreated?
ANSWER : A. Cushing’s Disease can result in a wide range of symptoms from panting, changes in thirst and urination, hair loss along the flanks, and even skin and body changes. If it hasn’t been done already, there are more specific blood tests that can be done to confirm a Cushing’s diagnosis if your dog’s previous bloodwork was on the fence regarding it. Urine cortisol tests, Dex-suppression tests and ACTH stimulation tests are all specific tests that can confirm a Cushing’s diagnosis.

There are also two forms of Cushing’s, one based on a pituitary problem and one caused by prolonged use of corticosteroids. If your dog has been on a long-term steroid medication, your vet may wish to discontinue or test again after a period to confirm the diagnosis.

Not treating Cushing’s can result in permanent changes to the skin and coat, and may also cause problems with the bladder and kidneys. As it is a metabolic disease, leaving it untreated may also cause other metabolic issues further in the future. Treatment is usually just a daily medication to bring the hormones in the body back to normal.

Q. My dog gets very loose stools
ANSWER : A. Loose stools can be caused by a wide number of things, however the most common two are internal parasites and food ingredient allergies. Internal parasites like worms can sometimes be seen in the stool, and may also cause other symptoms such as vomiting, bloated abdomen, or changes in appetite. Bringing in a stool sample to your vet can help determine if there are parasites present, and if so, what type.

Food ingredient allergies can also cause similar symptoms and are commonly caused by ingredients such as wheat, corn and soy, but some proteins such as beef may also cause it. Switching to a different food that does not have these ingredients may help. Be sure to switch over a period of 7-9 days to give your dog’s stomach a chance to adjust as switching too quickly may cause vomiting and more diarrhea.

If you still can’t figure out what the cause to the loose stools may be, then a more thorough examination or additional tests at your vet may be best.

Q. We have a 4 yr old lab-pit mix we raise from 6 weeks.If my husband tries to take hin by the collar and make him go out to pottie he growls.Problem?
ANSWER : A. This is not good behavior. Rather than take him by the collar, call him to come with you. If he’s not good about coming when called, you can work on that. Keeps treats on hand to to entice him out and reward him when he does go potty and he’ll come to look forward to it. Clicker training is another great way to teach a dog all kinds of things, from obedience to tricks.

Have treats on hand that you know he loves, then simply click and treat. He will come to associate the sound with getting a treat. Start putting distance between you so he has to come to you. Call and click and when he comes to you for that treat, treat him and give him lots of praise. Move to hiding somewhere in the house, call and click. When he comes to you reliably inside when you call, click and treat. When this behavior is consistent, move outdoors with a very long leash. Call and click, if he doesn’t respond, give a light tug on the leash. If he takes even a single step toward you, click, treat and lots of praise. Keep doing this until he comes eagerly. Next, try him off-leash in a securely fenced area. Call and click. At this point he should be responding well and coming easily to the call and click. If he does not, go back to the last step he performed reliably and work on that again until he responds well. Eventually, you can start not treating him every time, but still praise him. Gradually lessen the frequency of the treats until he comes just to the click and praise.

Keep training sessions short, ten or fifteen minutes to start, no more than 30 minutes at a time and do it a few times a day. Try not to do it any time he is overly excited so that he can pay attention to you. Always end a training session on a good note, even if it is just getting him to do something he already does well on command. And never, NEVER punish a dog when they come to you, no matter how far they’ve made you chase them, no matter how frustrated and angry you might be. That teaches your dog that coming to you is a bad thing.

Read Full Q/A … : Causes of Limping in Dogs

Q. My 20 month Cavalier doesn’t eat unless I let him eat from my finger, then he eats. Sometimes he will only eat once a day and leave his food.
ANSWER : A. It is possible that your dog is just not satisfied with his current food, or may be a picky eater. There are several things you can try to encourage your dog to eat.

The first step is to remove any additional treats or people food that may be more enticing to your dog than his own meal. If you feel you must give him some form of treat, be sure to place them directly in his food bowl and mixed with his regular diet. This allows him to get some snacks while also “forcing” him to try out his current meal to get the reward.

Enticing your dog to try his food by adding a pet-safe gravy or even a few treats of plain boiled chicken mixed in can help. Be sure to mix the foods thoroughly so he must explore his own food before getting the treat.

Some small breed dogs may also have a hard time with certain bowls and their collars. If there is a metal name tag on the collar and a metal bowl, the clinking sound can sometimes scare off dogs and make them not want to eat from their bowl. Using a bowl of a different material, or removing the collar prior to a meal may help with this issue.

Your dog may also just not be into his current food and may like another variety better. You can try a new variety by gradually switching over a period of 7-9 days, slowly adding in more new food and removing old until it is switched. This change may encourage him to try out meals again, and the slow changeover will allow his body to adjust to the new diet without digestive upset.